Situation

A patient, who is an ex heavy smoker, is referred to you with two small pulmonary nodules incidentally found on a CT scan of the chest. What would you do ?

Opinion

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Opinion

Firstly how fit is the patient, if unfit for a thoracotomy, then surgery has little to offer.

Are there any old x-rays available, they may have been there for years.

Is the CT HRCT ?, if not repeat may show numerous other little nodules.

Are the nodules on the same side, or even in the same lobe ?

Is one or both of them calcified (potentially benign- but beware scar cancers)?

Are the nodules amenable to percutaneous CT guided biopsy ?

If still undiagnosed and on different sided than repeat HRCT scanning in 3 months is probably best.

If ipsilateral, other option include

1 Observe as above with repeat HRCT scan in 3 months.

2 (Different lobes) Thoracotomy and wedge resection / biopsy +/- frozen section +/- proceed to formal resection if fit enough

3 (Same lobe) Thoracotomy and wedge resection / biopsy +/- frozen section +/- proceed to lobectomy if fit enough