Pathology images of oesophagus

Histology

Normal

This is a normal esophagus with the usual white to tan smooth mucosa seen at the left. The gastroesophageal junction (not an anatomic sphincter) is at the center, and the stomach is at the right

This is the normal appearance of the stomach, which has been opened along the greater curvature. The esophagus is at the left. In the fundus can be seen the lesser curvature. Just beyond the antrum is the pylorus emptying into the first part of the duodenum

These two endoscopic views demonstrate Barrett esophagus areas of mucosal erythema of the lower esophagus, with islands of normal pale esophageal squamous mucosa. 

This is the view of the lower esophagus seen on endoscopy. Note the areas of dark red friable mucosa representing Barrett esophagus. Note the polypoid mass which on biopsy proved to be a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma in oesophagus and stomach

This irregular reddish, ulcerated exophytic mid-esophageal mass as seen on the mucosal surface is a squamous cell carcinoma. Endoscopic views of an ulcerated mid-esophageal squamous cell carcinoma causing lumenal stenosis are seen below

A history of smoking and or alcoholism is often present in patients with esophageal squamous carcinoma while a history of Barretts esophagus precedes development of esophageal adenocarcinoma in many cases Here an ill defined mass at the gastrooesophageal junction.

This radiograph taken following barium swallow demontrates a stricture in the lower esophagus, with pooling of the contrast above the point of stricture. Such stricture may complicate conditions such as scleroderma, gastroesophageal perforation

At the lower end of the esophagus (which has been turned inside out at autopsy) are linear dark blue submucosal dilated veins known as varices. Usually in patients with portal hypertension (usually micronodular cirrhosis from chronic alcoholism)

Collapsed oesophageal varices

Here is another varix near the gastroesophageal junction that is dark red black because it has been bleeding. (The esophagus has been turned inside out.) The plexus of veins also involves some of the upper stomach, but it is generically limited to the fundus

Varices

Varices

Candida

Candida esophagitis

Ammonia poisoning

Diffuse muscular hypertrophy

Fatal mediastinitis

Fistula between oesophagus and left atrium

Here are two more sharply demarcated punched out ulcerations of the mid esophagus in an immunocompromised patient with herpes simplex infection

The lower esophagus here shows sharply demarcated ulcerations that have a brown-red base, contrasted with the normal pale white esophageal mucosa at the far left. Such punched out ulcers are suggestive of herpes simplex infection

Hiatus hernia pa cxr

Hiatus hernia lateral

Mallory-Weiss tear in distal oesophagus

Oesophageal perforation

Oesophageal-gastric intussusception

Oesophago-aortic fistula

safety pin in oesophagus

Mallory-Weiss tear (yellow arrow). Small, mucosal tears such as this sometimes occur near the esophagogastric junction following repeated vomiting, usually in an alcoholic